NUMBER

NUMBER: ইংলিশ গ্রামারে NUMBER বলতে NOUN, PRONOUN এর সংখ্যা নির্দেশ করে।

Example:   it-they , wife-wives, Boy-boys, my-our, ox-oxen etc.

Types of Number:

●  Singular Number: NOUN, PRONOUN এর এক সংখ্যক গননা নির্দেশ করে .

Example: father , pen, table, goose, aunt etc.

●  Plural Number NOUN, PRONOUN এর একের অধিক সংখ্যক গননা নির্দেশ করে .

Example: gees, pens, aunts, tables, fathers etc.

CHANE OF NUMBERS:

Rule-01:      Suffix of a singular number word ‘um’ →’a

SINGULARPLURALSINGULARPLURAL
AquariumAquariaSpectrumSpectra
AlluviumAlluviaUltimatumUltimata
AddendumAddendaSymposiumSymposia
AgendumAgendaForumFora/Forums
BacteriumBacteriaGymnasiumGymnasia/Gymnasiums
CandelabrumCandelabraFulcrumFulcra
Corrigendum CorrigendaOvumOva
DictumDictaMediumMedia
EffluviumEffluviaCurriculumCurricula
EncomiumEncomia/EncomiumsReferendumReferenda
ErratumErrataOptimumOptima
ExemplumExemplaMomentumMomenta
Exordium Exordia/ExordiumsMemorandumMemoranda/Memorandums
FlagellumFlagellaIdolumIdola
HilumHilaHypogastriumHypogastria
Stratum StrataPlectrumPlectra

Rule-02: Singular number এর শেষে on plural করার সময় on এর পরিবর্তে a বসবে।

Rule-03: Singular number এর শেষে is থাকলে plural করার সময় is এর পরিবর্তে es বসবে

SINGULARPLURAL
AxisAxes
BasisBases
CrisisCrises
DiagnosisDiagnoses
HypothesisHypotheses
OasisOases

Rule-04: Singular word with suffix ‘us’ will be replaced by ‘i’ or ‘us+es’ to transform to plural word.

SINGULARPLURALSINGULARPLURAL
AlumnusAlumni Radius Radii/Radiuses
FocusFoci/FocusesGenius Genii/Geniuses
LocusLociSyllabusSyllabi/Syllabuses
StimulusStimuliTerminus Termini/Terminuses
  • Exceptional:
SINGULARPLURALSINGULARPLURAL
GenusGeneraCorpusCorporal/Corpuses

Rule-05: Singular word with suffix ‘u’ will be replaced by ‘u+x’ or ‘u+s’ to transform to plural word.

SINGULARPLURALSINGULARPLURAL
Flambeau Flambeaux/FlambeausPlateauPlateaux/Plateaus
Milieu MilieuxAdieu Adieux/Adieus
BureauBureaux/ BureausBandeau Bandeaux

Rule-06:  Singular word with suffix ‘a’ will be replaced by ‘a+e’ or ‘a+s’ or ‘a+ta’ to transform to plural word.

SINGULARPLURALSINGULARPLURAL
Vertebra VertebrataAgendaAgendas
ExanthemaExanthemataStigmaStigmas/Stigmata
AlumnaAlumnaeDogmaDogmas/Dogmata

Note:  Alumnus(Male ex-students) → Alumni(A group of Male graduates or Male ex-students) Alumna(Female ex-students) →Alumnae (A group of Female graduates or Female ex-students) 

Rule-07:  Singular word with suffix ‘ix/ex’ will be replaced by ‘ices’ or ‘ix/ex+es’ to transform to plural word. Preferable option is ‘ices” if two correct options are given.

SINGULARPLURALSINGULARPLURAL
RadixRadicesVertexVertices
IndexIndices (in mathematics)/Indexes (in books)AppendixAppendices (medical terms)/Appendixes (in books)

Rule-08: Foreign Language(Hebrew/French) based words have different ways to define the plural form of their singular words.

SINGULARPLURALSINGULARPLURAL
MrMessrs, MesdamesMonsier (French)Messieurs
Mrs, Madam (French)Mesdames, LadiesCherub (Hebrew)Cherubim/Cherubs
Bandit(Italian)Banditti/BanditsSeraph (Hebrew)Seraphim/Seraphs

Rule-09:Some words that look plural but these are singular words:

Ethics, Mathematics, Physics, Civics, News, Gallows, innings, Politics, Billiards, darts, draughts, bowls, dominoes etc.

Rule-10: Abuse , Advice, Alphabet , Bread , Information, Poetry , Scenery, Furniture, Issue, Knowledge, ইত্যাদি uncountable noun গুলি Singular রূপে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 

Rule-11: deer , sheep , swine,  pice, series , corps , Offspring. species , cannon,  aircraft, hovercraft , spacecraft, dice ,chassis, fish:[ carp , cod , salmon , pike , trout] , pair , gross ,score , hundred, thousand million singular ও plural একই রকম থাকে।

e.g. I have three pair of shoes. 

dozen, gross, score, hundred, thousand, million etc এর আগে some, many বা পরে of থাকলে s যুক্ত হয়ে plural হয়ে থাকে। যেমন: some dozens, many dozens 

Rule-12:  পূর্ণ সংখ্যা বা প্রতীকের শেষে apostrophe (‘s) যোগ করে plural করা হয়।

Singular-five       Singular-t            Singular-2

Plural– five’s        Plural – t’s             Plural– 2’s

Rule-13:  কতকগুলো noun সবসময় plural অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন: Alms (ভিক্ষা), amends (ক্ষতিপূরণ), belongings (অধিকারভুক্ত জিনিসপত্র), mumps (গলাফুলা রোগ). measles (মিজজ, হাম), scissors (কাঁচি), pousers (পাজামা), spectacles (চশমা), aborigines (আদিম অধিবাসী), ashes (ছাই), environs (শহরতলী), nuptials (বিবাহ), proceeds, (আয়), bowels (নাড়িভুড়ি), fetters (শৃঙ্খল), Poultry (হাস-মুরগ), tidings(সংবাদ), assets ( সম্পদ), savings ( সঞ্চা), surroundings (পরিবেষ্টনি), vitals (জীবনীশক্তি) প্রভৃতি।

Rule-14: : Uncountable noun : advice, bread, baggage, equipment, furniture, information, knowledge, money, machinery, poetry, research, traffic  ইত্যাদি এর সাথে s/es যুক্ত হয়ে plural হয় না.

Rule-15: Number of Pronoun

Singular PluralSingular PluralSingular PluralSingular Plural
IWemeusmyourmineours
It, he ,sheTheyHim themThisTheseThatThose
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