NUMBER
NUMBER: ইংলিশ গ্রামারে NUMBER বলতে NOUN, PRONOUN এর সংখ্যা নির্দেশ করে।
Example: it-they , wife-wives, Boy-boys, my-our, ox-oxen etc.
Types of Number:
● Singular Number: NOUN, PRONOUN এর এক সংখ্যক গননা নির্দেশ করে .
Example: father , pen, table, goose, aunt etc.
● Plural Number NOUN, PRONOUN এর একের অধিক সংখ্যক গননা নির্দেশ করে .
Example: gees, pens, aunts, tables, fathers etc.
CHANE OF NUMBERS:
Rule-01: Suffix of a singular number word ‘um’ →’a’
SINGULAR | PLURAL | SINGULAR | PLURAL |
Aquarium | Aquaria | Spectrum | Spectra |
Alluvium | Alluvia | Ultimatum | Ultimata |
Addendum | Addenda | Symposium | Symposia |
Agendum | Agenda | Forum | Fora/Forums |
Bacterium | Bacteria | Gymnasium | Gymnasia/Gymnasiums |
Candelabrum | Candelabra | Fulcrum | Fulcra |
Corrigendum | Corrigenda | Ovum | Ova |
Dictum | Dicta | Medium | Media |
Effluvium | Effluvia | Curriculum | Curricula |
Encomium | Encomia/Encomiums | Referendum | Referenda |
Erratum | Errata | Optimum | Optima |
Exemplum | Exempla | Momentum | Momenta |
Exordium | Exordia/Exordiums | Memorandum | Memoranda/Memorandums |
Flagellum | Flagella | Idolum | Idola |
Hilum | Hila | Hypogastrium | Hypogastria |
Stratum | Strata | Plectrum | Plectra |
Rule-02: Singular number এর শেষে on plural করার সময় on এর পরিবর্তে a বসবে।
Rule-03: Singular number এর শেষে is থাকলে plural করার সময় is এর পরিবর্তে es বসবে
SINGULAR | PLURAL |
Axis | Axes |
Basis | Bases |
Crisis | Crises |
Diagnosis | Diagnoses |
Hypothesis | Hypotheses |
Oasis | Oases |
Rule-04: Singular word with suffix ‘us’ will be replaced by ‘i’ or ‘us+es’ to transform to plural word.
SINGULAR | PLURAL | SINGULAR | PLURAL |
Alumnus | Alumni | Radius | Radii/Radiuses |
Focus | Foci/Focuses | Genius | Genii/Geniuses |
Locus | Loci | Syllabus | Syllabi/Syllabuses |
Stimulus | Stimuli | Terminus | Termini/Terminuses |
- Exceptional:
SINGULAR | PLURAL | SINGULAR | PLURAL |
Genus | Genera | Corpus | Corporal/Corpuses |
Rule-05: Singular word with suffix ‘u’ will be replaced by ‘u+x’ or ‘u+s’ to transform to plural word.
SINGULAR | PLURAL | SINGULAR | PLURAL |
Flambeau | Flambeaux/Flambeaus | Plateau | Plateaux/Plateaus |
Milieu | Milieux | Adieu | Adieux/Adieus |
Bureau | Bureaux/ Bureaus | Bandeau | Bandeaux |
Rule-06: Singular word with suffix ‘a’ will be replaced by ‘a+e’ or ‘a+s’ or ‘a+ta’ to transform to plural word.
SINGULAR | PLURAL | SINGULAR | PLURAL |
Vertebra | Vertebrata | Agenda | Agendas |
Exanthema | Exanthemata | Stigma | Stigmas/Stigmata |
Alumna | Alumnae | Dogma | Dogmas/Dogmata |
Note: Alumnus(Male ex-students) → Alumni(A group of Male graduates or Male ex-students) Alumna(Female ex-students) →Alumnae (A group of Female graduates or Female ex-students)
Rule-07: Singular word with suffix ‘ix/ex’ will be replaced by ‘ices’ or ‘ix/ex+es’ to transform to plural word. Preferable option is ‘ices” if two correct options are given.
SINGULAR | PLURAL | SINGULAR | PLURAL |
Radix | Radices | Vertex | Vertices |
Index | Indices (in mathematics)/Indexes (in books) | Appendix | Appendices (medical terms)/Appendixes (in books) |
Rule-08: Foreign Language(Hebrew/French) based words have different ways to define the plural form of their singular words.
SINGULAR | PLURAL | SINGULAR | PLURAL |
Mr | Messrs, Mesdames | Monsier (French) | Messieurs |
Mrs, Madam (French) | Mesdames, Ladies | Cherub (Hebrew) | Cherubim/Cherubs |
Bandit(Italian) | Banditti/Bandits | Seraph (Hebrew) | Seraphim/Seraphs |
Rule-09:Some words that look plural but these are singular words:
Ethics, Mathematics, Physics, Civics, News, Gallows, innings, Politics, Billiards, darts, draughts, bowls, dominoes etc.
Rule-10: Abuse , Advice, Alphabet , Bread , Information, Poetry , Scenery, Furniture, Issue, Knowledge, ইত্যাদি uncountable noun গুলি Singular রূপে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Rule-11: deer , sheep , swine, pice, series , corps , Offspring. species , cannon, aircraft, hovercraft , spacecraft, dice ,chassis, fish:[ carp , cod , salmon , pike , trout] , pair , gross ,score , hundred, thousand million singular ও plural একই রকম থাকে।
e.g. I have three pair of shoes.
dozen, gross, score, hundred, thousand, million etc এর আগে some, many বা পরে of থাকলে s যুক্ত হয়ে plural হয়ে থাকে। যেমন: some dozens, many dozens
Rule-12: পূর্ণ সংখ্যা বা প্রতীকের শেষে apostrophe (‘s) যোগ করে plural করা হয়।
Singular-five Singular-t Singular-2
Plural– five’s Plural – t’s Plural– 2’s
Rule-13: কতকগুলো noun সবসময় plural অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন: Alms (ভিক্ষা), amends (ক্ষতিপূরণ), belongings (অধিকারভুক্ত জিনিসপত্র), mumps (গলাফুলা রোগ). measles (মিজজ, হাম), scissors (কাঁচি), pousers (পাজামা), spectacles (চশমা), aborigines (আদিম অধিবাসী), ashes (ছাই), environs (শহরতলী), nuptials (বিবাহ), proceeds, (আয়), bowels (নাড়িভুড়ি), fetters (শৃঙ্খল), Poultry (হাস-মুরগ), tidings(সংবাদ), assets ( সম্পদ), savings ( সঞ্চা), surroundings (পরিবেষ্টনি), vitals (জীবনীশক্তি) প্রভৃতি।
Rule-14: : Uncountable noun : advice, bread, baggage, equipment, furniture, information, knowledge, money, machinery, poetry, research, traffic ইত্যাদি এর সাথে s/es যুক্ত হয়ে plural হয় না.
Rule-15: Number of Pronoun
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
I | We | me | us | my | our | mine | ours |
It, he ,she | They | Him | them | This | These | That | Those |